{"id":272,"date":"2021-07-01T07:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/karous.nova-design.cz\/?p=272"},"modified":"2022-01-26T07:41:58","modified_gmt":"2022-01-26T06:41:58","slug":"financni-odpovednost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/2021\/07\/01\/financni-odpovednost\/","title":{"rendered":"Finan\u010dn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost 1. \u010d\u00e1st"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 kolegyn\u011b, v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed kolegov\u00e9.
Koordin\u00e1to\u0159i BOZP vystupuj\u00ed na staveni\u0161t\u00edch jako zam\u011bstnanci spole\u010dnost\u00ed, nebo jako osoby samostatn\u011b v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u011b \u010dinn\u00e9. V obou postaven\u00edch m\u00e1 koordin\u00e1tor ze z\u00e1kona stanoven\u00e9 povinnosti, s jejich\u017e nespln\u011bn\u00edm se vystavuje nebezpe\u010d\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edho postihu. A s v\u00fdkonem koordin\u00e1tora jak ve f\u00e1zi p\u0159\u00edpravy, tak i ve f\u00e1zi realizace tak\u00e9 souvis\u00ed nutnost poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed koordin\u00e1tora za p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u0161kody. Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed koordin\u00e1tora je opravdu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 v\u011bc. Zva\u017eme, na jakou v\u00fd\u0161i na\u0161i pojistku uzav\u0159eme. Bude-li poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9, u\u0161et\u0159\u00edm na n\u00e1kladech a moje nab\u00eddkov\u00e1 cena bude ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s konkurenc\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Vystavuji se ale nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b vzniku pojistn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti pln\u011bn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny nebude pokr\u00fdvat celou zp\u016fsobenou \u0161kodu (n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 maj\u00ed uzav\u0159enou pojistku pouze na 250 tis. K\u010d pln\u011bn\u00ed). Bude-li pojistka uzav\u0159ena na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pojistnou \u010d\u00e1stku, pln\u011bn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny tedy pokryje \u0161kodu, ale j\u00e1 se mohu st\u00e1t cenov\u011b \u201eneprodejn\u00fd\u201c, proto\u017ee tuto vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pojistku tak\u00e9 budu zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat do sv\u00e9 nab\u00eddkov\u00e9 ceny k uva\u017eovan\u00e9 zak\u00e1zce. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zadavatel\u00e9 staveb po\u017eaduj\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch popt\u00e1vkov\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00edch dolo\u017een\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00ed pojistn\u00e9 smlouvy na ur\u010ditou v\u00fd\u0161i (nap\u0159. 5 mil. K\u010d) v p\u0159edkl\u00e1dan\u00e9 nab\u00eddce. Uv\u011bdomme si, \u017ee nap\u0159. osoba samostatn\u011b v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u011b \u010dinn\u00e1 ru\u010d\u00ed za p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 \u0161kody sv\u00fdm majetkem.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro va\u0161i informaci uv\u00e1d\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00e1 stanoviska soud\u016f z minulosti:
Zve\u0159ejn\u011bno 22. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014 \u2013 \u201eLidsk\u00fd \u017eivot byl Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm soudem<\/span> ocen\u011bn a\u017e na deset mili\u00f3n\u016f korun.<\/strong> V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech proto z\u00e1konn\u00fd minim\u00e1ln\u00ed limit na \u00fajmy na zdrav\u00ed a na majetku nemus\u00ed sta\u010dit,\u201c upozornila specialistka finan\u010dn\u011b poradensk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.
Zve\u0159ejn\u011bno 14. \u00fanora 2019 \u2013 \u201eSoudy budou v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hrad za du\u0161evn\u00ed \u00fatrapy spojen\u00e9 s usmrcen\u00edm nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00ednat na dvacetin\u00e1sobku pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy<\/span><\/strong>. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch okolnost\u00ed pak mohou \u010d\u00e1stku adekv\u00e1tn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it \u010di sn\u00ed\u017eit. Plyne to z pr\u00e1vn\u00edch v\u011bt, kter\u00e9 byly schv\u00e1leny na jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00edho a obchodn\u00edho kolegia Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu<\/strong> a m\u011bly by se st\u00e1t vod\u00edtkem pro ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed instance.
N\u00e1hrady<\/strong> se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy je p\u0159i \u00famrt\u00ed stanoven jeho vin\u00edk. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stka se t\u00fdk\u00e1 man\u017eel\u016f, rodi\u010d\u016f a d\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je nutn\u00e9 kalkulovat s dvacetin\u00e1sobkem pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hrub\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed za rok p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed smrti po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A je na n\u00e1s, na jakou v\u00fd\u0161i pln\u011bn\u00ed pojistku uzav\u0159eme. Na\u0161e spole\u010dnost musela b\u00fdt v minulosti nap\u0159\u00edklad poji\u0161t\u011bna na jedn\u00e9 stavb\u011b na \u0161kodu 50 mil. K\u010d a pojistka na toto pln\u011bn\u00ed st\u00e1la necel\u00fdch 75 000 K\u010d. A to nen\u00ed mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka. I tuto \u010d\u00e1stku mus\u00edm zapo\u010d\u00edtat do ceny za v\u00fdkon koordin\u00e1tora pro zadavatele stavby. Ale bez dob\u0159e uzav\u0159en\u00e9 pojistky se vystavuji velk\u00e9mu nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je zn\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edpad soudn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed z ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 doby, kdy byli poz\u016fstal\u00ed p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyzv\u00e1ni, ale uplatnili u soudu svoje n\u00e1roky. A my (nejenom jako koordin\u00e1to\u0159i BOZP, ale tak\u00e9 OZO v prevenci rizik, stavbyvedouc\u00ed, technick\u00fd dozor, projektant a dal\u0161\u00ed osoby) odpov\u00edd\u00e1me za zp\u016fsobenou \u0161kodu na\u0161im nedbalostn\u00edm zavin\u011bn\u00edm (podle ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku, jak bude uvedeno n\u00ed\u017ee). Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee hovo\u0159\u00edm o nedbalosti, nehovo\u0159\u00edm v\u016fbec o \u00famyslu.
Pro va\u0161i informaci uv\u00e1d\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch paragraf\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se problematiky n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody po zavin\u011bn\u00e9m jedn\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk z\u00e1kon \u010d. 89\/2012 v \u00a7 5 uv\u00e1d\u00ed:<\/strong>
1) Kdo se ve\u0159ejn\u011b nebo ve styku s jinou osobou p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed k odborn\u00e9mu v\u00fdkonu jako p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk ur\u010dit\u00e9ho povol\u00e1n\u00ed nebo stavu, d\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00edm najevo, \u017ee je schopen jednat se znalost\u00ed a pe\u010dlivost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je s jeho povol\u00e1n\u00edm nebo stavem spojena. Jedn\u00e1-li bez t\u00e9to odborn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de, jde to k jeho t\u00ed\u017ei.
Vyd\u00e1v\u00e1-li se n\u011bkdo za odborn\u00edka v ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti, ani\u017e j\u00edm ve skute\u010dnosti je, a v d\u016fsledku pln\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bl poskytnout protistran\u011b toto \u201ezfu\u0161uje\u201c, bude odpov\u00eddat tak, jako by odborn\u00edkem skute\u010dn\u011b byl. To se bohu\u017eel m\u016f\u017ee vyskytnout i mezi koordin\u00e1tory. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se vyskytuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy na\u0161i kolegov\u00e9 chod\u00ed k periodick\u00e9 zkou\u0161ce a maj\u00ed propadl\u00e9 osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed (setkali jsme se i s p\u0159\u00edpadem propadl\u00e9ho osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed v \u0159\u00e1du m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f). Kdyby se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fd kolega koordin\u00e1tor h\u00e1jil, \u017ee nem\u00e1 platn\u00e9 osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a tedy nen\u00ed koordin\u00e1tor a pr\u00e1ci vykon\u00e1val \u201ejen tak\u201c, neusp\u011bje. Bude posuzov\u00e1n a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b posti\u017een jako koordin\u00e1tor a je\u0161t\u011b nav\u00edc se vystavuje postihu Oblastn\u00edm inspektor\u00e1tem pr\u00e1ce za v\u00fdkon \u010dinnosti bez p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee v takov\u00e9mto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt posti\u017een i zadavatel stavby, za neur\u010den\u00ed koordin\u00e1tora na staveni\u0161ti s platn\u00fdm osv\u011bd\u010den\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a7 2950 \u0160koda zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 informac\u00ed nebo radou<\/strong>
Kdo se hl\u00e1s\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk ur\u010dit\u00e9ho stavu nebo povol\u00e1n\u00ed k odborn\u00e9mu v\u00fdkonu nebo jinak vystupuje jako odborn\u00edk, nahrad\u00ed \u0161kodu, zp\u016fsob\u00ed-li ji ne\u00faplnou nebo nespr\u00e1vnou informac\u00ed nebo \u0161kodlivou radou danou za odm\u011bnu v z\u00e1le\u017eitosti sv\u00e9ho v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed nebo dovednosti<\/strong>. Jinak se hrad\u00ed jen \u0161koda, kterou n\u011bkdo informaci nebo radu zp\u016fsobil v\u011bdom\u011b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku plyne, \u017ee osoba, v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b koordin\u00e1tor BOZP, od kter\u00e9ho je po\u017eadov\u00e1n odborn\u00fd v\u00fdkon, zodpov\u00edd\u00e1 za \u0161kodu, kter\u00e1 vznikla v d\u016fsledku jeho odborn\u00e9ho pochyben\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejedn\u00e1 se ale pouze o koordin\u00e1tory jako osoby samostatn\u011b v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u011b \u010dinn\u00e9. Tuto \u010dinnost vykon\u00e1v\u00e1me i jako zam\u011bstnanci firem a spole\u010dnost\u00ed. I na zam\u011bstnance se vztahuje povinnost nahradit \u0161kodu zp\u016fsobenou zavin\u011bn\u00fdm poru\u0161en\u00edm sv\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed. A pro va\u0161i informaci op\u011bt uv\u00e1d\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti jednotliv\u00fdch paragraf\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch se zp\u016fsob n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody vyskytuje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 262\/2006 Sb. \u2013 z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce v platn\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>
\u00a7 250 Obecn\u00e1 povinnost nahradit \u0161kodu<\/strong>
1) Zam\u011bstnanec je povinen nahradit zam\u011bstnavateli \u0161kodu<\/strong>, kterou mu zp\u016fsobil zavin\u011bn\u00fdm poru\u0161en\u00edm povinnost\u00ed p\u0159i pln\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f nebo v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 souvislosti s n\u00edm.
\u00a7 257 Rozsah a zp\u016fsob n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody<\/strong>
1) Zam\u011bstnanec, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 povinnost nahradit \u0161kodu podle \u00a7 250, je povinen nahradit zam\u011bstnavateli skute\u010dnou \u0161kodu, a to v pen\u011bz\u00edch, jestli\u017ee neod\u010din\u00ed \u0161kodu uveden\u00edm v p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00fd stav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fd\u0161e po\u017eadovan\u00e9 n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 z nedbalosti nesm\u00ed p\u0159es\u00e1hnout u jednotliv\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance \u010d\u00e1stku rovnaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u010dty\u0159ap\u016fln\u00e1sobku jeho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdd\u011blku p\u0159ed poru\u0161en\u00edm povinnosti, kter\u00fdm zp\u016fsobil \u0161kodu<\/strong>. Toto omezen\u00ed neplat\u00ed, byla-li \u0161koda zp\u016fsobena \u00famysln\u011b, v opilosti, nebo po zneu\u017eit\u00ed jin\u00fdch n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.
Vyberme si tedy dobrou poji\u0161\u0165ovnu, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m nab\u00eddne odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed pojistn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky.

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m, \u017ee zde vyjad\u0159uji pouze sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Va\u0161eho nesouhlasu s m\u00fdmi n\u00e1zory m\u016f\u017ee vyd\u00e1vat z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 stanovisko pouze soud.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 kolegyn\u011b, v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed kolegov\u00e9.Koordin\u00e1to\u0159i BOZP vystupuj\u00ed na staveni\u0161t\u00edch jako zam\u011bstnanci spole\u010dnost\u00ed, nebo jako osoby samostatn\u011b v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u011b \u010dinn\u00e9. V obou postaven\u00edch m\u00e1 koordin\u00e1tor ze z\u00e1kona stanoven\u00e9 povinnosti, s jejich\u017e nespln\u011bn\u00edm se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":273,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nase-tema","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/AdobeStock_147113543-copy-1030x465-1.jpeg?fit=1030%2C465&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=272"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/272\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":275,"href":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/272\/revisions\/275"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karous.karoei.cz\/karous\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}